{"id":32,"date":"2022-07-21T11:57:01","date_gmt":"2022-07-21T08:27:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zaminhost.com\/blog\/?p=32"},"modified":"2025-08-21T14:36:55","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T11:06:55","slug":"%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zaminhost.com\/blog\/%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u0635\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 (\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u067e\u0646 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\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#Curl\">cURL<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#python--m-json.tool\/jq\">python -m json.tool\/jq<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#LS\">LS<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#tail\">tail<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cat\">cat<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#grep\">grep<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#ps\">ps<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#env\">env<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#netstat\">netstat<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#IP\">IP<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Isof\">Isof<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#df\">df<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#du\">du<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#id\">id<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#chmod\">chmod<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#dig\/nslookup\">dig\/nslookup<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#firewall-cmd\">firewall-cmd<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#sestatus\">sestatus<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#history\">history<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#top\">top<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 90 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0642\u0628\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Curl\">1. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 cURL<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <strong>cURL<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 URL \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a libcURL \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 URL \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <strong>cURL<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0633) \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<br>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 <a href=\"https:\/\/zaminhost.com\/blog\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%a7%db%8c-500\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc HTTP 500\u200c<\/strong><\/a> \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zaminhost.com\/blog\/mongodb\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MongoDB <\/a><\/strong>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ curl -I -s myapplication:5000<br>HTTP\/1.0 500 INTERNAL SERVER ERROR<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u067e\u0634\u0646 -s response body\u200c \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0646\u062f\u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u067e \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ curl -I -s database:27017<br>HTTP\/1.0 200 OK<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u061f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ curl -I -s https:\/\/opensource.com<br>HTTP\/1.1 200 OK<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062c\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061b \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ curl database:27017<br>curl: (6) Couldn't resolve host 'database'<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 nameserver \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"python--m-json.tool\/jq\">&nbsp;2. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 python -m json.tool\/jq<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc API \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc JSON \u0686\u0627\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0622\u0645\u062f. \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 python -m json.tool \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 JSON \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 JSON \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 python -m json.tool\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ cat test.json<br>{\"title\":\"Person\",\"type\":\"object\",\"properties\":{\"firstName\":{\"type\":\"string\"},\"lastName\":{\"type\":\"string\"},\"age\":{\"description\":\"Age in years\",\"type\":\"integer\",\"minimum\":0}},\"required\":&#91;\"firstName\",\"lastName\"]}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 -m \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ cat test.json | python -m json.tool<br>{<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"properties\": {<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"age\": {<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"description\": \"Age in years\",<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"minimum\": 0,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"type\": \"integer\"<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; },<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"firstName\": {<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"type\": \"string\"<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; },<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"lastName\": {<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"type\": \"string\"<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; },<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"required\": &#91;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"firstName\",<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"lastName\"<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ],<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"title\": \"Person\",<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"type\": \"object\"<br>}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 JSON \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f jq \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. jq \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc JSON \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ cat test.json | jq<br>{<br>&nbsp; \"title\": \"Person\",<br>&nbsp; \"type\": \"object\",<br>&nbsp; \"properties\": {<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"firstName\": {<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"type\": \"string\"<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; },<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"lastName\": {<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"type\": \"string\"<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; },<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"age\": {<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"description\": \"Age in years\",<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"type\": \"integer\",<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"minimum\": 0<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br>&nbsp; },<br>&nbsp; \"required\": &#91;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"firstName\",<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \"lastName\"<br>&nbsp; ]}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"LS\">3. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 LS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>ls \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 ls \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0648 <strong>\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/strong> \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.&nbsp;<br>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f myapp\u200c \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 ls -l\u200c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u201cx\u201d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc read\u200c \u0648 write \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ .\/myapp<br>bash: .\/myapp: Permission denied<br>$ ls -l myapp<br>-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 33 Jul 21 18:36 myapp<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tail\">4. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 tail<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u06af \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 tail \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 tail -f\u200c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u067e\u0627\u0686\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a real-time \u0628\u0628\u0646\u06cc\u062f.&nbsp;<br>-f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc follow \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06af \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a real-time \u0644\u0627\u06af \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 tail \u0648 \u0622\u067e\u0634\u0646 -n \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0 \u062e\u0637 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f.&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$&nbsp;tail&nbsp;-n&nbsp;100&nbsp;\/var\/log\/httpd\/access_log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cat\">&nbsp;5. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 cat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0698\u0646 \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ cat requirements.txt<br>flask<br>flask_pymongo<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"grep\">6. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 grep<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u067e \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u067e \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06af\u060c \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648 &#8230; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ cat tomcat.log | grep org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start<br>01-Jul-2017 18:03:47.542 INFO &#91;main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in 681 ms<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ps\">&nbsp;7. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633&nbsp;ps<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 ps \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06a9\u06cc\u062c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc procps-ng \u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u0628\u200c\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0622\u067e\u0634\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ ps -ef<br>UID&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PID&nbsp; PPID&nbsp; C STIME TTY&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; TIME CMD<br>root&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp; 2 18:55 ?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 00:00:02 \/docker-java-home\/jre\/bi<br>root&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 59&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp; 0 18:55 pts\/0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 00:00:00 \/bin\/sh<br>root&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 75&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 59&nbsp; 0 18:57 pts\/0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 00:00:00 ps -ef<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 ps \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u067e \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ ps -ef | grep tomcat<br>root&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp; 1 18:55 ?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 00:00:02 \/docker-java-home\/jre\/bi<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"env\">8. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 env<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 (\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ env<br>PYTHON_PIP_VERSION=9.0.1<br>HOME=\/root<br>DB_NAME=test<br>PATH=\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/local\/sbin<br>LANG=C.UTF-8<br>PYTHON_VERSION=3.4.6<br>PWD=\/<br>DB_URI=mongodb:\/\/database:27017\/test<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"netstat\">&nbsp;9. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633&nbsp;netstat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 netstat \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06a9\u06cc\u062c net-tools\u200c \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.&nbsp;<br>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc (\u0644\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0644) \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 netstat \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062a \u06f8\u06f0 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 <a href=\"https:\/\/zaminhost.com\/blog\/%d9%88%d8%a8-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a2%d9%be%d8%a7%da%86%db%8c-apache\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u067e\u0627\u0686\u06cc<\/a> \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/upload\/ckeditor\/08cd06b0-f9a9-4d8b-b513-e353ca386375.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"IP\">10. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 IP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0622\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 iproute2 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0622\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 Ip \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0622\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.&nbsp;<br>\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 ip address \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0622\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ ip address show eth0<br>3: eth0: &lt;BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP&gt; mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; link\/ether d4:3b:04:9e:b2:c2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; inet 10.1.1.3\/27 brd 10.1.1.31 scope global dynamic noprefixroute eth0<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; valid_lft 52072sec preferred_lft 52072sec<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Isof\">11. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633&nbsp;Isof<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc Isof\u200c \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u06a9\u06cc\u062c \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 Isof \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 netstat \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 listen\u200c \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062a \u06f8\u06f0 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/upload\/ckeditor\/0b4a7f41-a2b7-4682-8982-f4e6a3b5348c.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"df\">12. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 df<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 df (\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 df \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/upload\/ckeditor\/43118d36-7db9-407c-b9bc-c9c57a470f8e.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0622\u067e\u0634\u0646 -h \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a human-readable \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f df \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0644: (df -h\/home)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"du\">13. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633&nbsp;du<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \/var\/log \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 du \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/upload\/ckeditor\/435d718d-4495-4d6b-a6bc-a62985594316.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"id\">14. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 id<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 id\u200c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 vagrant \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f vagrant \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 HTTP Apache \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0648\u0632\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06cc\u0648\u0632\u0631 vagrant \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 vagrant \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ dnf&nbsp;-y&nbsp;install&nbsp;httpd<br>Loaded plugins: fastestmirror<br>You need to be root to perform this command.<br>$&nbsp;id<br>uid=1000(vagrant)&nbsp;gid=1000(vagrant)&nbsp;groups=1000(vagrant)&nbsp;context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"chmod\">15. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633&nbsp;chmod<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 permission denied \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f ls \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ ls -l<br>total 4<br>-rw-rw-r--. 1 vagrant vagrant 34 Jul 11 02:17 test.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f. chmod \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0632\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ chmod +x test.sh<br>&#91;vagrant@localhost ~]$ ls -l<br>total 4<br>-rwxrwxr-x. 1 vagrant vagrant 34 Jul 11 02:17 test.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u067e\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f. chmod \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dig\/nslookup\">16. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 dig\/nslookup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 resolve \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u0631 url \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 url \u0633\u062a \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 (resolve) \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 url mydatabase \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc cannot resolve \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u06cc\u0628 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 dig \u06cc\u0627 nslookup\u200c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ nslookup mydatabase<br>Server: &nbsp; 10.0.2.3<br>Address: &nbsp;10.0.2.3#53<br>** server can't find mydatabase: NXDOMAIN<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 nslookup \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 mydatabase\u200c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 resolve \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 dig\u200c \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ dig mydatabase<br>; &lt;&lt;&gt;&gt; DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-50.el7_3.1 &lt;&lt;&gt;&gt; mydatabase<br>;; global options: +cmd<br>;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"firewall-cmd\">17. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633&nbsp;firewall-cmd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 iptables \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627 nftables \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0622\u067e\u0634\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 human-readable \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f:&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&nbsp;$ sudo firewall-cmd --get-active-zones``<br>corp<br>&nbsp; interfaces: ens0<br>dmz<br>&nbsp; interfaces: ens1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0648\u0646 corp \u062a\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 dmz. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ sudo firewall-cmd --zone corp --list-all<br>corp<br>&nbsp; target: default<br>&nbsp; interfaces: ens0<br>&nbsp; services: cockpit dhcpv6-client ssh<br>&nbsp; ports:<br>&nbsp; protocols:<br>&#91;...]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ sudo firewall-cmd --add-service http --permanent<br>$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload&nbsp;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Firewall-cmd\u200c \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sestatus\">&nbsp;18. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 sestatus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 SELinux \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. SELinux \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0698\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 SELinux \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 tail \u0648 grep \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 denied \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \/var\/log\/audit \u0628\u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f.&nbsp;<br>\u062f\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 sestatus \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 SELinux \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ sestatus<br>SELinux status: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; enabled<br>SELinuxfs mount: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\/sys\/fs\/selinux<br>SELinux root directory: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \/etc\/selinux<br>Loaded policy name: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; targeted<br>Current mode: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; enforcing<br>Mode from config file: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;enforcing<br>Policy MLS status: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;enabled<br>Policy deny_unknown status: &nbsp; &nbsp; allowed<br>Max kernel policy version: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;28<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"history\">19. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633&nbsp;history<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 shell \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 history command \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 session \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 history \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u06cc\u0628 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ history<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; 1 &nbsp;clear<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; 2 &nbsp;df -h<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; 3 &nbsp;du<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0647\u061f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a ! \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/upload\/ckeditor\/ca484833-fa74-420f-a823-4c56ed1277bb.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"top\">&nbsp;20. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 top<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u06cc\u0648 \u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.&nbsp;<br>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 top \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u06cc\u0648 \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u067e \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u06cc\u0648 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/upload\/ckeditor\/6d5d43bb-31b6-4742-a088-3fe6fe49c5da.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img 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